Narration Change | Discussion | Bangla | Example | উদাহরণ সহ সম্পূর্ণ আলোচনা

Narration Change-Discussion-in-Bangla-with-Example |  উদাহরণ সহ সম্পূর্ণ আলোচনা 

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Narration Change
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Narration মানে উক্তি। অনেক সময় বক্তার কথা অবিকল বক্তার ভাষাতেই        উদ্ধৃত  করা হয়। আবার অনেক  সময় বক্তার বক্তব্যকে নিজের জবানিতেও    প্রকাশ করা হয়। কজেই, Narration বা উক্তি প্রধানত দুই প্রকারের Direct (প্রত্যক্ষ) এবং Indirect (পরোক্ষ)অথাৎ কোনো বক্তার কথাকে দুভাবে বলা        যায় প্রত্যক্ষ ভাবে    এবং পরোক্ষ ভাবে

 

যে বাক্যে বক্তার মুখের কথার কোনরূপ পরিবর্তন না ঘটিয়ে অবিকল সেই    কথাগুলি তুলে দেওয়া হয়, সেই বাক্যকে প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তির বাক্য বলে যেমন :—

অমল বলল, আমি একটি উপন্যাস পড়ছি 

When a speech is quoted in the actual words used by the speaker, it is called the Direct Speech or Direct Narration.

Amal said, 'I am reading a novel.'

আবার, যে বাক্যে বক্তার বক্তব্য বিষয়টি অবিকল তার মুখের কথায় না বলে প্রতিবেদকের  বিবৃতি হিসাবে প্রকাশ করা হয় সেই বাক্যকে পরোক্ষ উক্তির বাক্য বলে যেমন :—

অমল বলল (যে) সে একটি উপন্যাস পড়ছে

When the speech is reported in the form of a narrative, giving the substance or meaning of the words used by the speaker without quoting his actual words, it is called the Indirect Speech or Indirect Narration.

Amal said that he was reading a novel.

বাক্যে inverted comma বা উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্নের বাইরে যে অংশটি থাকে— Amal    said— সেটিকে Reporting speech বলে এবং এই অংশের verb টিকে  Reporting Verb বলে আর উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্নের ভিতরের অংশটিকে Reported  speech বলে এবং এই অংশের verb টিকে Reported Verb বলে

Direct Narration থেকে Indirect Narration- পরিবর্তনের নিয়মাবলী  জানতে হলে Sentence কত প্রকার সে সম্বন্ধে সংক্ষেপে একটু লোচনা  করে নেওয়া দরকার

Sentence প্রধানতঃ পাঁচ প্রকার  

Assertive Sentence 

Interrogative Sentence 

Imperative Sentence 

Optative Sentence

Exclamatory Sentence 

 

Assertive Sentence: এই ধরনের sentence সাধারণভাবে কোনো বক্তব্য  রাখে বা কিছু assert করে যেমন :—

The sun rises in the East.

He sits on a chair.

Interrogative Sentence: যে sentence-এর দ্বারা কোনো প্রশ্ন করা হয়, তাকে Interrogative Sentence বলে যেমন:—

What is your name?

Where do you live?

Imperative Sentence: যে বাক্যের দ্বারা আদেশ, উপদেশ, অনুরো, অনুযো প্রভৃতি বোঝানো হয় তাকে Imperative Sentence বলে যেমন:—

Sit down, please.

Be quiet. 

Optative Sentence: যে বাক্য দ্বারা wish অর্থাৎ কোনো রকম প্রার্থনা প্রভৃতি   বোঝানো হয় তকে Optative Sentence বলে যেমন:—

May God bless you.

May you live long .

Good morning.

Exclamatory Sentence: যে বাক্য দ্বারা কোনো বিষয়ে বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করা   তাকে Exclamatory Sentence বলে যেমন :—

Hurrah! We have won the game.

Alas! the old man is dead.

এখন Narration change করতে গেলে এই সব Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে কি কি  পরিবর্তন হয় তা জানতে হবে

Narration change এর সাধারণ নিয়মাবলী

Assertive Sentence :—

Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech - রূপান্তরিত করতে হলে নিম্নলিখিত  নিয়মগুলি অবলম্বন করতে হবে 

(a) 'inverted comma' (" ") উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে।

(b) 'inverted comma'- বাইরে যদি Reporting Verb -টি  present অথবা  future tense -এর হয়, তাহলে Reported Speech -এর verb-এর tense-এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না যেমন :—

Direct: Ram says, "'I shall go."

Indirect: Ram says that he will go.

 

Direct: Lata has said, 'I went.'

Indirect: Lata has said that she went.

 

Direct: You will say, I am ill.'

Indirect: You will say that you are ill.

(c) Reporting Verb -টি past tense হলে Reported Verb -টিও সেই    অনুযায়ী  past tense হবে, আর যদি দুটোই past tense হয়, তবে সেক্ষেত্রে  reported speech-এর verb-টি past perfect হবে যেমন :—

Direct: He said, 'I am ill."

Indirect: He said that he was ill.

 

Direct: He said, "I do it."

Indirect: He said that he did it.

 

Direct: Ram said, 'I am doing it.’

Indirect: Ram said that he was doing it.

 

Direct: Ratan said, 'I have done it.'

Indirect: Ratan said that he had done it.

 

Direct: He said, 'I did it.'

Indirect: He said that he had done it.

 

Direct: Swapan said, 'I was doing it'.

Indirect: Swapan said that he had been doing it.

 

Direct: He said, 'I shall do it.'

Indirect: He said that he would do it.

 

Direct: He said, 'Ram will go.'

Indirect: He said that Ram would go.

 

Direct: He said to me, 'I shall go, but you will stay.’

Indirect: He told me that he would but I should stay.

(d) Reported speech -এর pronoun গুলি reporting speech-এর subject-object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়

(e) Direct speech যদি নিত্য সত্য বা নিত্যকার অভ্যাস বুঝায়, তাহলে Indirect Speech- তার verb-এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না যেমন :—

Direct: He said, "Honesty is the best policy.'

Indirect: He said that honesty is the best policy.

 

Direct: The teacher said, 'The Sun rises in the East.' 

Indirect : The teacher said that the Sun rises in the East. 

 

Direct: He said, 'God is good.'

Indirect: He said that God is good.

 

Direct: Keats said, 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty.'

Indirect: Keats said that beauty is truth; truth beauty.

 

Direct Narration থেকে Indirect Narration - রূপান্তরনের সময়ে  কতকগুলি জিনিস পরিবর্তিত হয়ে যায় তার একটা টোখাট chart এখানে  দেওয়া হল :—

 

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

here

there

thus

so

ago

before

now

then

to day

that day

tomorrow

the next day

yesterday

the day before

last night

the night before

 

‘it’-কে অনেক সময় ‘that' লেখা হয় সেরকমভাবে this এবং these কে that  এবং those লেখা হতে পারে কিন্তু it, this, that প্রভৃতি ‘unchanged  থাকতে  পারে, যদি প্রদত্ত speech -টি reporting এর সময়ে যে জিনিসটাকে নির্দিষ্ট  করা  হচ্ছে (it, this, that প্রভৃতির দ্বারা) সেটি হাতের কাছে থাকে যেমন :—

 

Direct:> The manager says “We are all glad to be here this morning."

Indirect :> The manager says that they are glad to be here this morning.

অথবা :> The manager says, that they are glad to be here that morning.


Interrogative Sentence :- 

প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে narration change-এর নিয়ম কিছুটা অন্যরকম 

(1) Reporting verb কে ask বা enquire- পরিবর্তিত করতে হয়

Change the reporting verb into ask or enquire.

(2) প্রশ্নটির উত্তর যদি হাঁঅথবা ‘নাদিয়ে করা চলে তবে  ask বা enquire   এর পর whether বা if বসাতে হয়

If the question admits of one of the two answers 'yes' or ‘no', add whether or if.

(3) যদি প্রশ্নটি কোন interrogative pronoun, adjective, কিংবা adverb দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে আর if অথবা whether ব্যবহার করতে হয় না

If the question is introduced by an interrogative pronoun or adjective or adverb, do not add whether or if.

এই সব interrogative pronoun, adjective এবং adverb গুলি হল who, which, what, why, when, where, how প্রভৃতি। 

(4) প্রশ্নটিকে statement বা সাধারণ বিবৃতিতে রূপান্তরিত করতে হয় এক্ষেত্রে আর ‘that ব্যবহৃত হয় না

Change the interrogative form into a statement. The conjunction 'that is not used in such cases.

কতকগুলি উদাহরণ দেওয়া যাক :—

আমি জর্জকে বললাম, “গতকাল কি তুমি অসুস্থ ছিলে ?”

I said to George, "Were you unwell yesterday?”

এখানে said’ পরিবর্তন করে ‘asked’ বা ‘enquired’ বা ‘wanted to know  এরকম করে লেখা যেতে পারে

তাহলে indirect narration- উক্ত sentence টি লেখা যায়,

I asked George if he was unwell the day before (বা the previous day).

আমি জর্জকে জিজ্ঞেস করলাম গতকাল সে অসুস্থ ছিল কিনা 

এই sentenceটিকে এরকম করেও লেখা যেতে পারে :—

I enquired of George whether ('if' এর জায়গায়) he was unwell the previous day.

এখানে ‘said' এর বদলে ‘asked’ বা ‘enquired' লেখা হল এবং assertive sentence- যেখানে ‘that' লেখা হত সে জায়গায় ‘if’ বা ‘whether' লেখা  হল  এবং Indirect করার সময় পুরো sentence টি assertive হয়ে গেলফলে interrogation(প্রশ্ন)-এর ভাবটা indirect speech- রইল না

এখন, if’ বা ‘whether' এর ক্ষেত্রে ‘if হচ্ছে সাধারণ ভাবে সব জায়গায়  ব্যবহারযোগ্য যেমন :—

 

Direct: 'Do you know the boy ?' he said.

Indirect: He asked if / whether I know the boy.

 

Direct: 'Did you see him ?' he said.

Indirect: He asked whether I had seen him.

 

যখন কোনো দুটো বা তার বেশী জিনিসের মধ্যে কোনো একটাকে পছন্দ করার ব্যাপারথাকবে সেক্ষেত্রে ‘whether' ব্যবহার করা হবে যেমন :—

তুমি কি বাসে যেতে চাও না ট্রেনে ?”, সে জিজ্ঞেস করল 

Direct: 'Do you want to go by bus or train ?' he asked.

Indirect: He asked whether I wanted to go by bus or by train.

 

‘wonder' এবং ‘want to know' এদের পরে whether বসলে তার পরে, ‘to বসবে যেমন :— 

 

Direct: "Shall I do this, for them ?'' he wondered.

Indirect: He wondered whether to do that for them.

 

Direct: "should I go there just now?" he wanted to know.

Indirect: He wanted to know whether to go there just then.

 

তবে এক্ষেত্রে sentence দুটি এভাবেও লেখা যায়, যেমন :—

He wondered whether he should do that for them.

He wanted to know whether he should go there just then.

 

যাহোক, relative pronoun নিয়ে যখন প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য শুরু হয়, তখন  interrogative sentence -এর ক্ষেত্রে indirect speech-টি  নিম্নলিখিতভাবে  লেখা হয় যেমন :—

 

Direct: He said to me, "where did you go ?” 

Indirect: He asked me where I had gone.

 

Asked এর পরে to বসে না

এই বাক্যে relative pronounটি direct and indirect উভয় বাক্যেই অপরিবর্তিত  থাকবে If’ বা ‘whether'-এর ‘’কোনো স্থান এতে থাকবে (হবে) না

কিছু উদাহরণ দেওয়া যাক :—

 

Direct: He said to me, 'Are you ill ?'

Indirect: He asked me if I was ill.

 

Direct: The host said, 'Do you drink coffee ?'

Indirect: The host asked (me) if I drank coffee.

 

Direct: You said to me, 'Do you hear me?'

Indirect: You asked me if I heard you.

 

Direct: The police said, 'Why did you ignore the traffic signal ?'

Indirect: The police asked why he had ignored the traffic                   signal.

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Direct: He said to me, 'Where do you live ?'

Indirect: He asked me where I lived.

 

Direct: He said to me, 'What are you doing?'

Indirect: He asked me what I was doing.

 

Direct: The Inspector said, 'What do you want ?'

Indirect: The Inspector asked (them) what they wanted. 

 

Direct: He said to me, 'When will you go home?'

Indirect: He enquired of me when I would go home.

 

Direct: He said, 'Will you have a cup of tea ?'

Indirect: He asked if I would have a cup of tea.

 

Direct: You said to me, 'Why have you failed ?'

Indirect: You asked me why I had failed.

 

Imperative Sentence :—

সাধারণতঃ এই ধরনের sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Reported speech-এর verb-টিকে Infinitive form- পরিণত করা হয় এবং Indirect Speech- Direct Speech-এর ভা অনুযায়ী নিম্নলিখিত verb গুলি ব্যবহার করা হয় যেমন :—    ask, beg, command, advise, invite, encourage, request, tell, warn, forbid.

Direct: “Sit down,” said my landlord.

বস, বাড়িওয়ালা বললেন।

Indirect: My landlord invited me to sit down.

আমার বাড়ীওয়ালা আমাকে বসতে আমন্ত্রন করল 

 

Direct: “Please, don't go in rain," his wife said.

তার স্ত্রী বলল, “দয়া করে বৃষ্টির মধ্যে যাবেন না

Indirect: His wife begged him not to go in rain.

তার স্ত্রী তাকে বৃষ্টির মধ্যে বাইরে না যেতে অনুরো করল 

 

Direct: "Forget all about your crime," the policeman said.

তোমার অপরাধ সম্বন্ধে সব কিছু ভুলে যাও, পুলিশটি বলল 

Indirect: The policeman told him to forget all about his crime.

পুলিশটি তাকে তার অপরাধ সম্বন্ধে সবকিছু ভুলে যেতে বলল 

 

Direct: “Don't smoke,” the doctor said.

ধুমপান কোরো না, ডাক্তার বললেন 

Indirect: The doctor advised not to smoke.

ডাক্তার ধুমপান না করতে উপদেশ দিলেন 

 

Direct: “Go on, help the destitute," the monk said.

দীনহীনকে সাহায্য করে যাও, সন্ন্যাসীটি বললেন 

Indirect: The monk encouraged to help the destitute.

সন্ন্যাসীটি দীনহীনকে সাহায্য করে যেতে উৎসাহ দিলেন 

 

প্রথমে subject, তারপরে imperative verb টি (command, request, advise বা যেটি প্রযোজ্য) তারপর infinitive (to), তারপর direct speech-এর Principal verb বা মূল verbটি, তারপর object-- এই ভাবে Imperative Sentence-এর Narration change করতে হয়

 

তবে একটা বিষয় জেনে রাখা ভাল যে, কোনো সময় Indirect Speech-  imperative verbটি কি হবে তা বুঝতে যদি confusion বা দ্বিধা উপস্থিত হয়, সেক্ষেত্রে ‘tell verb টি ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে যেমন :—

 

Direct: He said to me, “If you feel sick, don't be out."

সে বলল, “যদি তুমি অসুস্থ বো কর, তবে বাইরে বেরিও না

Indirect: He advised me not to be out if I felt sick.

সে আমাকে উপদেশ দিল শরীর খারাপ লাগলে যেন আমি বাইরে না বেরো

 

এখানে যদি advise' শব্দটি মনে না আসে, তাহলে অনায়াসে লেখা যাবে -

He told me that if I felt sick, I should not be out.

সে আমাকে বলল যে যদি আমি অসুস্থ বো করি তাহলে আমার বাইরে যাওয়া  উচিত নয়

এখন রো কিছু উদাহরণ দেওয়া হল :—

Direct: My friend said to me, 'Go home at once!'

Indirect: My friend told or advised me to go home at once.

 

Direct: He said to me, 'Open the door, please.'

Indirect: He requested me to open the door.

 

Direct: He said to me, 'Do not go there."

Indirect: He told or advised me not to go there.

 

Direct: The teacher said, 'Don't move, boys.'

Indirect: The teacher told the boys not to move.

 

Direct: I said to him, 'Please explain the passage.'   

Indirect: I requested him to explain the passage.

 

Direct: 'Don't do it again', mother said to me.

Indirect: Mother ordered me not to do it again.

 

Direct: The General said to the soldiers, 'March on!'

Indirect: The General ordered the soldiers to march on. 

 

Direct: I said to him, 'Excuse me sir!'

Indirect: I begged him to excuse me.


Imperative sentence অনেক সময় let দিয়ে শুরু হয়  সব sentence-এর  ক্ষেত্রে direct speech কে indirect speech- পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম কিছু ভিন্ন।

যখন direct speech টি Let দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয় এবং এই Let দ্বারা কোন proposal বা suggestion বুঝায় তখন reporting verb-টিকে propose বা suggest-  পরিবর্তিত করতে হয় এবং পরে let-এর স্থানে should ব্যবহার করতে হয়      যেমন :—

 

Direct: He said to me, 'Let us go home.'

Indirect: He proposed or suggested to me that we should go             home.

 

Direct: I said to him 'Let us have some music.'

Indirect: I proposed or suggested to him that we should have            some music.

কিন্তু যদি ‘Let’ দ্বারা ‘proposal’ না বুঝায়, তাহলে let-কে might বা might be allowed বা অনুরূপ form- পরিবর্তিত করতে হয়

Direct: He said, 'Let me have some milk.'

Indirect: He wished that he might have some milk.

 

Direct: He said, 'Let me come in.'

Indirect: He requested that he might be allowed to come in.

 

Direct: He said, 'Let him do whatever he likes.

Indirect: He said that he (a third person) might do whatever             he liked.

 

Direct: He said to me, 'Let him say whatever he likes, shall                 certainly support you."

Indirect: He told me that he (a third person) might say                     whatever  he liked, but he (the speaker) would  certainly                     support me.

 

Optative Sentence :—

এই সব বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে reporting verb টিকে wish বা pray-তে পরিবর্তিত  করে ইচ্ছা বোধক বাক্যটিকে ‘Assertive Sentence’- পরিবর্তিত করতে হয় 

একটা উদাহরণ নেওয়া যাক :—

Direct: Mother said, “May you be happy."

মা বললেন, “তুমি সুখী হও 

Indirect: Mother wished that I might be happy.

মা চাইলেন যে আমি যেন সুখী হই 

আবার,

Direct: He said to me, “May God bless you.”

Indirect: He prayed that God might bless me.

এখানে, তিনি প্রার্থনা করলেন যাতে ঈশ্বর আমাকে আর্শীবাদ করেন। তবে সমস্ত  Optative Sentence- যে ‘May' দিয়ে শুরু হবে, তা নয় যেমন  :—

Direct: He said, “Had I been there!”

সে বলল, “যদি আমি সেখানে থাকতাম!”

Indirect: He wished that he had been there.

সে সেখানে থাকবার ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করল (—থাকতে পারলে ভাল হত এই অর্থে)

 

লক্ষ্য করবার বিষয় এখানেও Interrogative Sentence-এর মত ‘indirect speech’-টি ‘assertive’ হয়ে যায় 

Exclamatory Sentence :—

বিস্ময়সূচক বাক্যে মাত্র দুটি বিষয় মনে রাখলেই Narration change করা যায় 

Reporting verb টিকে তার অর্থ অনুযায়ী exclaim, cry out, pray, wish ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত করে ব্যক্যটিকে সাধারণ sentence (Assertive Sentence)- পরিণত করতে হয় 

 

নিচের উদাহরণগুলি লক্ষ্য করা যাক :—

 

Direct: Ram said, “Hurrah! we have won the game.'

রাম বলল, হুররে! আমরা খেলায় জিতেছি 

Indirect: Ram exclaimed with delight or joy that they had                 won the game.

রাম আনন্দের সঙ্গে বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করে বলল যে তারা খেলায় জিতেছে 

 

Direct: The old woman said, “Alas! I am undone."

বৃদ্ধা মহিলা বললেন, “হায়! আমার কিছুই করার নেই

Indirect: The old woman exclaimed with grief that she was                 undone.

বৃদ্ধা মহিলা দুঃখ করে বললেন যে তার কিছুই করার নেই

 

Direct: He said, "what a fool I am!"

Indirect: He exclaimed with grief that he was a great fool.

 

Direct: He said, "Good-bye, my friends."

Indirect: He bade his friends good bye (or he bade good bye             to his friends.)

 

Direct: He said to me, “How happy you are!"

Indirect: He told me that I was very happy.

 

Direct: He said, “What a nice thing it is!”

Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that it was a very nice thing.

 

Direct: He said, "By jove! What a good news !"

Indirect: He swored by jove that it was a very good news.

 

Direct: He said, “What was my joy to see the thing!"    

Indirect: He said that his joy to see the thing was very great.

 

Direct: Ram said, “Who knew that this would happen!"  

Indirect: Ram said that none knew that would happen.

 

Narration-এর কিছু অতিরিক্ত উদাহরণ নিচে দেওয়া হল :—

Direct: “I am leaving tomorrow," she said, “by 4.30 p.m. from           Calcutta. “We will come and see you off,'' We said.

আমি আগামীকাল বেলা সাড়ে চারটে নাগাদ কলকাতা ছাড়ছিসে (মহিলা) বলল আমরা আসব এবং আপনাকে বিদায় জানাব,” আমরা বললাম 

Indirect: She said that she was leaving the following day by                4.30 p.m. from Calcutta. We said that would come and see                  her off.

 

এখানে দুটো বাক্যেই ‘that' না লিখলেও অর্থের কোনো ক্ষতি হবে না, আর, ‘come' এবং ‘see' past tense হল না কারণ আগে ‘would' আছে।

Direct: “We will wait for you if you are late," they said.

যদি তোমার দেরী হয় তবে তোমার জন্য আমরা অপেক্ষা করব,” তারা বলল 

Indirect: They said that they would wait for him if he was late.

 

Direct: “I must hurry. My uncle is always serious if any of us are late for meals,” she said.

সে বলল, “আমাকে তাড়াতাড়ি করতে হবে, আহারের সময় আমাদের মধ্যে যে        কেউ  উপস্থিত হতে বিলম্ব করলে আমার কাকা সব সময় রেগে যান

Indirect: She said she must hurry as her uncle was always serious if any of them were late for meals.

এখানে দুটো Sentence-কে একসূত্রে বাঁধার জন্য ‘as' এই adverbটি ব্যবহার  করা হল 

 

Direct: “There's been an accident and the road is blocked," said the traffic  policeman. "It won't be clear for some time. You'd better go round the other way."

ট্রাফিক পুলিশটি বলল, “একটা দুর্ঘটনা ঘটায় রাস্তা বন্ধ রাস্তা পরিষ্কার হতে কিছু  সময়  লাগবে আপনি বরং অন্যপথে ঘুরে যান

Indirect: The traffic policeman said that there had been an accident, and the road was blocked. He added that it would not be clear for some time. He again advised to go round the other way.

 

—Direct Speech গুলিকে কিভাবে ভেঙে ভেঙে Reporting করা হল তা   লক্ষ্যণীয় Indirect Speech-এর অংশগুলিতে ভাবের সমতা রাখার জন্য   added, advised', প্রভৃতি ব্যবহার করা হল 

 

Direct: Then Macbeth enters and says, “I have done the deed."

Indirect: Then Macbeth enters and says that he has done the deed.

তারপর ম্যাকবেথ প্রবেশ করেন এবং বলেন যে তিনি কাজটা করেছেন


এখানে Past tense-এর কোনো ব্যবহার নেই, সবই present tense- হয়েছে 

 

Direct: "I was intending to do it tomorrow," he said, "but now I don't think I'll be able to."

সে বলল আমি এটা আগামীকাল করতে চেয়েছিলাম, কিন্তু এখন আমি মনে করি  না আমি করতে পারব 

Indirect: He said that he had been intending to do it the next day, but then he did not think he would be able to.

 

এখানে 'was' শব্দ টি 'had been' হয়ে গেল অর্থাৎ Past Perfect Tense হল।

 

Direct: The Sergeant said, “Comrade, you are under arrest."

সার্জেন্টটি বলল, “কমরেড তুমি গ্রেপ্তার হলে

Indirect: The Sergeant told the Comrade that he (the comrade) was under arrest.

Direct: “Do you like the headmaster of your school ?" the man asked me.

লোকটা আমাকে জিজ্ঞেস করল, তুমি কি তোমার স্কুলের হেডমাস্টারকে পছন্দ  কর ?”

Indirect: The man asked me whether I liked the headmaster of my school.

 

Direct: “Do they act plays ?" the actor said.

তাঁরা কি নাটক করেন ?” অভিনেতা বললেন 

Indirect: The actor asked if they acted plays.

 

Direct: "Who owns the revolver ?" said the detective.

রিভলভারটি কার ?” ডিটেকটিভ বলল 

Indirect: The detective asked who owned the revolver.

 

Direct: The poet says, "What ails thee, O king?"

কবি জিজ্ঞাসা করেন, “আপনাকে কিসে অসুস্থ করেছে, রাজন ?”

Indirect: The poet asks the king what ails him.

 

Direct: “This book is mainly concerned with prose. What that book is mainly concerned with ?” the inspector asked.

এই বইটি প্রধানতঃ গদ্য বিষয়ক, ওই বইটি প্রধানত কি বিষয়ক ?” ইন্সপেকটর   জিজ্ঞেস করলেন 

Indirect: The inspector informed that the book was mainly   concerned with prose. He questioned what the other book was   mainly concerned with.

 

এখানে 'informed’ জানিয়ে দিলেন, এই অর্থে ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, আর asked' এর জায়গায় ‘questioned' ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে 

 

Direct: "Open your bag, please," said the custom officer.

আপনার ব্যাগটা দয়া করে খুলুন,” শুল্ক অফিসারটি বললেন 

Indirect: The custom officer requested him to open his bag.

 

Direct: "March forward,” the leader said.

সামনে এগিয়ে চলোনেতা বললেন 

Indirect: The leader commanded to march forward.

 

Direct: "Speak, or my gun will go off," the policeman said to the prisoner.

কথা বল, না হলে আমার বন্দুক ছুটবে,” পুলিশটি বন্দীটিকে বলল 

Indirect: The policeman ordered the prisoner to speak. He  threatened the prisoner that in case of his not speaking his            (the policeman's) gun would go off.

 

—Indirect speech টি লক্ষ্যণীয়, সাধারণতঃ এভাবেই Reporting করতে হয় 

 

Direct: “Do not go there, it is a valley of death," the story teller said.

গল্পকার বললেন, “ওখানে যেও না, ওটা একটা মৃত্যুর উপত্যকা

Indirect: The story teller forbade (নিষেধ করলেন) to go there. He added that it was a valley of death.

 

-এখানে forbade (forbid-এর past tense) না লিখে ‘told not to go there' এরকমও লেখা যেতে পারে 

Direct: My friend said, "Good morning, how are you?"

আমার বন্ধু বলল, “সুপ্রভাত, কেমন আছ ?”

Indirect: My friend wished me good morning. He also asked about my well being.

 

well being ভাল আছি কিনা বা ভাল থাকা এই অর্থে 

 

Direct: "Oh my God! I have failed to do it, my friend cried. “

ওহ্ ভগবান, আমি এটা করতে পারলাম না, আমার বন্ধু চিৎকার করে বলল 

Indirect: My friend cried in frustration that he had failed to do that. 

—'Frustration' এখানে হতাশা এই অর্থে ব্যবহার করা হল 

 

Direct: "Oh that's a success, at last I have done it,” said the scientist.

বৈজ্ঞানিক বলল, “ওঃ, সাফল্য এসে গেছে, শেষ পর্যন্ত আমি এটা করতে পেরেছি 

Indirect: The scientist cried in joy that it was a success and that he had done it at last.

 

Direct: “God save the king," they said.

ঈশ্বর রাজাকে রক্ষা করুন, তারা বলল 

Indirect: "They prayed that God might save the king.

এখানে direct speech- ‘May' উহ্য ছিল, সেটা(May) indirect speech-  যুক্ত করা হল past tense করে নিয়ে 

 

Direct: The poet said, “Let us go then, you and I."

কবি বললেন, “তাহলে চল আমরা যাই, তুমি আর আমি 

Indirect: The poet suggested that you and I should go.

এক্ষেত্রে ‘should' কথাটা আনতে হবে 

 

Direct: He said, “Let's sell the house."

সে বলল, “বাড়িটা বিক্রি করা যাক

Indirect: He suggested selling the house.

 

Direct: "It's not my look out." said the man. "Let the authority do something about it."

লোকটি বলল, “এটা আমার দেখবার বিষয় নয়, কর্তৃপক্ষ  ব্যাপারে কিছু করুক

Indirect: The man said that it was not his look out. He suggested (proposed) that the authority should do something about it.

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